Domain work covers the articles a controller or processor must implement. Automated processing and AI is treated as a GDPR extension of those same articles — training, inference, model hosts, and solely automated decisions — not as a separate statute.
01 · Principles
Principles and lawful bases
Arts 5–11. Lawfulness, fairness, transparency, purpose limitation, data minimisation, accuracy, storage limitation, integrity, confidentiality, and accountability. Lawful bases, consent, children, special categories, and criminal data.
Lawful basis, purpose limitation, and data minimisation apply to training and inference. Special categories of personal data in models need an Art 9(2) exception.
02 · Rights
Data subject rights
Arts 12–23. Transparent information, access, rectification, erasure, restriction, portability, objection, automated decisions, and documented restrictions. Act without undue delay and at the latest within one month.
Data subjects retain Arts 12–22 rights over personal data used in AI systems, including access, erasure, objection, and Art 22 safeguards for solely automated decisions.
03 · Controller
Controller, processor, and records
Arts 24–31. Controller responsibility, data protection by design and by default, joint controllers, representatives, processor contracts, records of processing activities (ROPA), and cooperation with the supervisory authority.
Art 28 processor terms for model hosts. Art 30 records must cover each processing purpose, including AI processing purposes, recipients, transfers, retention, and a general description of security measures.
04 · Security
Security and personal data breaches
Arts 32–34. Appropriate security of processing. Notify the supervisory authority without undue delay and, where feasible, not later than 72 hours. Communicate a high-risk breach to the data subject without undue delay — that notice is not the same as the Art 33 notice.
For AI systems, Art 32 includes controls against prompt and output leakage of personal data, model inversion, and unauthorised access to training sets.
05 · DPIA
Impact assessment and prior consultation
Arts 35–36. Where a type of processing is likely to result in a high risk to rights and freedoms, the controller must, prior to the processing, carry out a data protection impact assessment and seek the advice of the data protection officer, where designated.
Art 36 prior consultation applies where residual high risk remains after measures taken by the controller.
06 · DPO
Data protection officer
Arts 37–39. Designation where required; independent position; tasks to inform and advise, monitor compliance, advise on DPIA, cooperate with the supervisory authority, and act as contact point. A group may appoint a single DPO if easily accessible from each establishment.
The DPO monitors AI processing, advises on DPIAs for new models, and must not receive instructions on those tasks.
07 · Transfers
Transfers to third countries
Chapter V. Adequacy decisions, appropriate safeguards including standard contractual clauses, binding corporate rules, and narrow Art 49 derogations. Derogations are occasional, not a standing programme.
Personal data sent to a model host or training facility in a third country is a Chapter V transfer. Document the safeguard and, where Art 46 is used, the transfer impact assessment.
08 · Automated processing
Automated processing and AI
The same Regulation, applied to training, inference, model hosting, and solely automated decisions: Arts 5, 6, 9, 22, 28, 30, 32, 35, and 44–49.
Where Art 22 applies, suitable measures include human intervention, the right to express views, and the right to contest the decision. Oversight must be able to change the outcome.